便利な英会話フレーズ


   便利な英会話フレーズを紹介!ネイティブらしい会話表現を身につけよう.


 内容:


ポイント Talking About Intetions 意思を表すフレーズ

あることをする意思を表す will, be going to, 現在進行形

※ definitely をつけてより強い意志を表す


 I'm definitely traveling abroad someday.


義務感から生じた意思を表す [ have / have got ] to + 動詞, be supposed to + 動詞


 I have to submit this report to my boss.

 I'm supposed to meet my client at noon.


予定や希望を表す be [ planing / hoping ] to + 動詞


 I'm planing to go snowboarding this winter.

 I'm hoping to buy a brand-new car.


確定していないことを表す might + 動詞, be thinking [ of /about ] + 動名詞


 I might go to the gym.

 I'm thinkig of going shopping tonight.


あることを「まさにしようとしていた」ことを表す be about to + 動詞, be on the verge of + 動名詞


 I'm about to throw this away.

 I was on the verge of punching him.


どうにかやり遂げたことを表す manage to + 動詞


 I managed to go home.


意図を表す mean to + 動詞


 I didn't mean to deceive you.
 I meant to tease you.


<慣用表現>


非常に強い意志を表す Nothing is going to stop me ( from + 動名詞 ).


絶対やりたくないことを表す

 I wouldn't be caught dead ( + 前置詞句 / 動名詞 ).  …  恥ずかしいという理由で

 You [ won't / wouldn't ] catch me + 動名詞.  …  恥ずかしい or 危険 という理由で


 I wouldn't be caught dead wearing such kind of cloths.

 You wouldn't catch me driving drunk.


あることを「衝動的にした」ということを表す on a whim [文語的], on the spur of the moment


 I traveled Izu on the spur of the moment.


意思に関連した話で使える副詞や副詞句

 on purpose, by accident, unconciously


 I went to New York on purpose.

 I met my old friend by accident.

 I unconsciously drank other's drink.


<その他>

 それには大賛成です。

 I'm all for it.

[ページトップへ]


ポイント Describing Appearance 容姿についてのフレーズ

私は、長身のやせ型で黒い髪と黄色い肌をしている。

I'm tall and skinny with black hair and yellow skin.


彼女は笑顔が素敵で頬にほくろがある。

She has a great smile and a mole on her cheek.


彼女はいつもこぎれいな格好をしている。

She is always neat and well-dressed.


<だいたいの感じを伝える>


  • [ 年齢 / 身長 / 色 ] + ish

  • 年代-something

  • in [ his / her ] ( [ early / mid / late] ) + 年代

  • about + 人's [ age / height / weight ]


彼は20才ぐらいであなたぐらいの背でブロンド色の髪をしている。

He's 20-something, about your height, with blondish hair.


彼女は私ぐらいの年です。

She's about my age.


彼女は40代前半です。

She's in her early 40s.


  • look + 形容詞 + for [ his /her ] age

  • not look a day over + 年齢 (冗談としても使用可)

  • be not as young as + 人 + used to be (冗談としても使用可)


彼女は50代半ばだけど、年にしては若く見える。

She's in her mid-50s, but she looks young for her age.


彼女46才?彼女は30才以上には見えない。

She's 46? She doesn't look a day over 30.


彼女は昔ほど若くない。

She is not as young as she used to be.


<直接的な表現を避ける>


  • old → older

  • fat → overweight / big / chubby / carrying a few extra pounds (around the middle)

  • ugly → not very [ attractive / good-looking ]


※ be not exactly + [ 名詞 / 形容詞 ] は人の容姿について話す際によく使われる表現。


彼女はかわいいけど、ゴージャスではない。

She's cute, but she's not exactly gorgeous.


[ページトップへ]


ポイント Talking About Movies 映画について話すのに便利なフレーズ

映画の概要を説明する


 It's a remake of + 映画
 It's the sequel to + 映画


  It's the sequel to "Die Hard".

 It's [ an adaptation of / based on ] a + 著作
 It's about + [ 人/物事 ] + 説明
 It's based on a true story ( of + 人/物事 )

  It's about a methematician. It's based on an actual person in America.
  It's based on a true story of John Forbes Nash, Jr..


出演俳優や監督について説明する


 It's with + 俳優
 俳優 + is in it
 俳優 + plays + 役
 It's directed by + 監督
 It's the [ latest / new ] + 監督/俳優 + movie


  Russel Crowe plays a methematician. It's directed by Ron Haward.


映画を賞賛する


俳優がよかったと言う場合
 俳優 + is + 形容詞 + in it
 俳優 + steals every scene ( [ he's / she's ] in )
 俳優 + is + 形容詞 + as + 役


  Russel Crowe is perfect as the methematician.

全体的に良かったと言う場合
 moving: 感動的, hilarious: 傑作

  It was very moving. I cried at the end.

人に勧める場合

 If you like(d) + 他の映画名/ジャンル, 推薦の言葉

  If you liked "Ghost World", you'll love this one.


映画を批判する


良くない映画だと批判する場合

 否定語句 + as good as + 比較対象
 I don't like movies [ that / where ] + 説明


  It's not as good as the original.
  I don't like movies where the bad guys killed persons.


批判的な単語
 boring 退屈な
 not very good あまりよくない
 predictable 話の筋が見え見え
 violent 暴力的
 cheesy 安っぽい


 The dialogue is hilarious.
 The ending was so predictable.


非常に長くて退屈だったと言う場合
 It was too [ slow / long ].
 I thought it would never end.

 

<その他>

I know exactly what you mean.

[ページトップへ]


ポイント Talking About Rules and Requirements 規則や義務について話す

義務について話す


 人 + have to + 動詞
 人 + be required to + 動詞
 人 + be forced to + 動詞


  I have to work a lot of overtime in my job.
  I'm required to stay at home.
  I'm forced to pick her up.


義務を与えている第三者について言う場合
 第三者 + make + 人 + 動詞
 第三者 + [ require / force ] + 人 + to + 動詞


  His wife makes him come straight home after work.
  His wife requires him to save his money.
  His wife forces her son not to go far.


※義務ではない場合は、否定後をつける。
  I'm not forced to work overtime, but I should do.


許可されている行為について話す


 人 + can + 動詞
 人 + be allowed to + 動詞


  I can pull up my car here.
  I'm allowed to enter this building.


よりカジュアルな表現
 人 + get to + 動詞
※許可を得ることによって「何かが出来る」「何かをする機会を得る」(または両方)

  I get to go abroad to attend a international conference.

許可を与えている第三者について言う場合
 第三者 + let + 人 + 動詞
 第三者 + allow + 人 + to + 動詞


  My friend let me drive his car.
  My friend allow me to use his car.


※許可されていない場合は、否定後をつける。
  You're not allowed to have nail clippres in your carry-on luggage.


許容範囲について話す


許可されている行為に制限がない場合

 wh-ever形の語
 as [ much / many / 副詞 ] as


  His dad lets his son do whatever he wants.
  His parents let him eat snacks as much as he wants.
  He can go outside whenever he wants.


※as [ much / many ] as の場合、名詞を2つ目の as の前に入れられる。

  She lets her dog eat as many cookies as he wants.

※行動に制限がある場合は、as long as を使う。


  We can listen to music as long as this DAP works.

have to の例外
 イギリス英語で頻繁に、have got to が have to の代わりに使われる。
 習慣的な行動: have to一時的な行動: have got to ( "gotta"と短縮可能)

 

  I have to work late recently.
  I've got to work overtime today.
  I gotta work late tonight.


<その他>
My parents let me stay out as late as I want, as long as I tell tem where I'm going and who I'll be with.


ポイント Talking About Changing Times 時の移り変わりについて話す

過去/現在/未来のことを話す


過去のことを話すときに使える表現


in the past

when I was + 年齢/時代

※懐かしいというニュアンスを出すには、in those daysback + 時/期間 が使える。


When I was a kid, I can't go far from my house.

In those days, people couldn't get enough food to survive.

Relationship between neighbors seemed more close back then.


現在のことを話すときに使える表現


Nowadays

these days


Nowadays, people are more indivisualistic.


未来のことを話すときに使える表現


in the future

in + 数 + year(s)

in + 数 + [year's/years'] time

by the time + 節


In the future, cars will not run on streets no more.

In a few years, we will not carry paper money and hard money with us.

By the time I retire, cars will be able to fly in the sky.


移り変わりについて話す


事物の移り変わりを強調する場合


比較級 + and + 比較級 の表現が使える。


My hay fever is getting worse and worse.

More and more young people are job-hopping.


ある変化に伴い別の変化が起こる場合


The + 比較級 + 主語 + 動詞, the + 比較級 + 主語 + 動詞 の表現が使える。


The more I read newspapers, the more I become familiar with economic change.

The more I use computers, the worse my handwritting gets.


過去と現在を比べて変化について話す場合


used to didn't use to の表現が使える。

used to は、not as ... aslike the way と組み合わせることもよくある。


People didn't use to live so long.

Famlies are not as close as they used to be.


現在の変化に不満で先行きを不安に思う場合


The way things are going, 未来の予測 の表現を使うことが出来る。


The way things are going, China will soon overtake Japan economically..


過去に存在した事物が失われたこと不満がある場合


Whatever happended to + 消失した事物 ? の表現が使える。


Whatever happened to common courtesy ?


<景気の回復、悪化についての表現>


景気が回復する bounce back, recover, pick up (全て自動詞)


I think the economy will bounce back.


景気や経済の変化を表す語

be up, be down, be booming, be in a slump


Sales are up 7 percent this month.

Last year we were in a slump, but this year business is booming.


ポイント Using Vague Language あいまいな表現を使う

あいまいな言い方をする


■ 「なんとなく」というニュアンスを出す場合

 sort of
 kind of

  She was sort of looking at me.
  Our conversation was kind of awkward.


■ よく知らないことについて話す場合

 some
 some [ kind / sort ] of


  They went to some restaurant downtown.
  My computer was infected woth some kind of virus.
  He kind of wrecked my car.

※文脈によっては、some は軽い非難の気持ちを含む。


  Some guys tried to start a fght with John.

■ 「…何か」のように断定を避ける場合
 単語 + or [ something / anything ] ( like that )
 something は肯定文に、anything は否定文に使う。


  thing I have the flu or something.
  I don't want to brag or anything, but I'm a pretty good cook.


例をあげる

■ 一部だけ例をあげて伝えたい事柄を全て言う場合

 and things
 (and) things like that
 (and) that kind of thing

  ※カジュアルな会話では、thing(s)の代わりに stuff を使うこともできる。


  She's into yoga and meditation and things.
  I'm into learning English and Chinese Language and things like that.
  I do checking e-mails, writting papers - that kind of stuff as work.


※フォーマルな表現には、and so on や and so forth などがある。
  and so on and so forth のように同時にも使える。


  We discussed poverty in developing countries, the racial discrimination, and so on and so forth.


ポイント 初めて話す人との会話で役立つフレーズ

I didn't get your name when we talked before.
What do you do for a living?
Where do you work? ※働いている「場所」を答えないように注意!
"What is your job?" is awkward.

[ページトップへ]


ポイント あいづち

I really love it.
Sound like a plan.  → I agree; that is a good idea

[ページトップへ]


ポイント 話題を変える Changing the topic

Speaking of ...
Speaking of John, he broke up with his girl friend.
That reminds me of ...
That reminds me of the test on next Monday.
While we're on the subject of ...
It's not appropriate to complaining on last game when we're on the subject of next game.

ポイントその他の使えそうなフレーズ

自分の思いを強く訴えるときは、
What I am trying to say is that I think I want to break up with her.
( I want to meet someone whose hobbies are more like mine, whose personality is more like mine.)
What's the coolest place that you have visited here?

よく言われていることがあるときは、
I always heard Osaka is a place that tourists don't go.

相手の言う事が冗談だと思ったら、Are you serious?

・ 就職面接で「何かアピールできることは?」は、
What is appealing?

・ 何でそれに興味を持ったの?の一例
What got you into collecting stamps?

・ なんてことしてくれたんだ。
What have you done?

・ 考えることすらしちゃダメ!
Don't even think about it !

・努力した甲斐があった。
It was worth the effort.


・ 相手がわかっているか確認するフレーズ

Do you feel me?

Do you smell me?

Do you know what I mean?

※ No what I mean? (省略形)

[ページトップへ]